Pharmacokinetics of drugs following iv bolus iv infusion and oral administration
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Abstract Long-haul travel does not constitute an obstacle for tourists to travel and is fast gaining the attention of tourists in new and unique experiences. This study was conducted to identify the long-haul travel motivation by international tourists to Penang. A total of 400 respondents participated in this survey, conducted around the tourist attractions in Penang, using cluster random sampling. However, only 370 questionnaires were only used for this research. Data were analysed using SPSS software 22 version. The findings, ‘knowledge and novelty seeking’ were the main push factors that drove long-haul travel by international tourists to Penang. Meanwhile, the main pull factor that attracts long- haul travel by international tourists to Penang was its ‘culture and history’. Additionally, there were partly direct and significant relationships between socio-demographic, trip characteristics and travel motivation (push factors and pull factors). Overall, this study identified the long-haul travel motivations by international tourists to Penang based on socio-demographic, trip characteristics and travel motivation and has indirectly helped in understanding the long-haul travel market particularly for Penang and Southeast Asia. This research also suggested for an effective marketing and promotion strategy in pro- viding useful information that is the key to attract international tourists to travel long distances. Keywords:
Show CiteCITATION STYLE APA Ahmed, T. A. (2015). Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Following IV Bolus, IV Infusion, and Oral Administration. In Basic Pharmacokinetic Concepts and Some Clinical Applications. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/61573 What is the difference between IV bolus and IV infusion?Unlike a standard drip IV where the fluid line is closed, an IV bolus has an open line. Consequently, the fluids enter the body at a much faster rate—in up to five minutes—than with a drip IV.
When a drug is administered by IV bolus injection it initially distributes into?The drug is then distributed throughout the body and then eliminated by the liver and/or kidney. Three parameters determine the drug concentration-time profile after administration of an iv bolus: Dose: with higher doses, the initial drug concentration is also higher, but its relative rate of decline remains identical.
Why IV infusion is zero order?Constant IV drug infusions are considered to have zero-order drug absorption because of direct input. Once the drug is infused, the drug is eliminated by first-order elimination. Steady state is achieved when the rate of drug infusion (ie, rate of drug absorption) equals the rate of drug elimination.
What is the main reason for giving a drug by slow IV infusion?Using a timer ensures safe medication administration. Rapid injection of IV medications can be fatal. A slow rate allows medications to be administered correctly.
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