Contracted form là gì

Long forms, contracted forms [short forms] of auxiliaries

1. to be [am, are, is]

AffirmativeNegativeLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

I am	I'm	I am not	I'm not
you are	you're	you are not	you're not
you aren't
he is	he's	he is not	he's not
he isn't
she is	she's	she is not	she's not
she isn't
it is	it's	it is not	it's not
it isn't
we are	we're	we are not	we're not
we aren't
you are	you're	you are not	you're not
you aren't
they are	they're	they are not	they're not
they aren't

2. to be [was, were]

AffirmativeNegativePronounLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

I, he, she, it	I was	---	I was not	I wasn't
we, you, they	we were	---	we were not	you weren't

3. have [got]

AffirmativeNegativePronounLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

I, we, you, they	I have got	I've got	we have not got	we haven't got
we've not got*
he, she, it	she has got	she's got	she has not got	she hasn't got
she's not got*

* This form is rarely used.

4. had [got]

AffirmativeNegativePronounLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

I, he, she, it, we, you, they	I had got	I'd got	we had not got	we hadn't got
we'd not got*

* This form is rarely used.

5. do

AffirmativeNegativePronounLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

I, we, you, they	I do	---	we do not	we don't
he, she, it	she does	---	she does not	she doesn't

6. did

AffirmativeNegativePronounLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

I, he, she, it, we, you, they	we did	---	we did not	we didn't

7. Modals [can, could, must, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to]

AffirmativeNegativeLong formContracted formLong formContracted form

can	-	cannot	can't
could	-	could not	couldn't
must	-	must not	mustn't
might	-	might not	--
need	-	need not	needn't
will	'll	will not	won't
would	'd	would not	wouldn't
shall	-	shall not	shan't
should	'd	should not	shouldn't
ought to	-	ought not to	oughtn't to

The short/contracted forms 's and 'd have have two different long forms:

• he's = he is or he has
• he'd = he would or he had

We seldom use short/contracted forms after names and nouns.

• Peter has got a book. = Peter's got a book.
• The children have visited London. = The children've visited London.

If have is a full verb, we do not use the short form.

• They have breakfast at 6 o'clock.