Who defined statistics as the collection presentation analysis and interpretation of numerical data?
Origin and Growth of Statistics The term ‘STATISTICS’ has been derived from the Latin word ‘STATUS’, which means political state. Show
Definition Of StatisticsThe systematic treatment of quantitative expression is known as ‘statistics’. Not all quantitative expressions are statistics we will see that certain conditions must be fulfilled for a quantitative statement to be called statistics. Statistics can be defined in two ways: a. In Singular sense b. In a Plural sense statisticsStatistics defined in Singular sense (as a statistical method)According to Croxton and Cowden, “Statistics may be defined as a science of collection organization presentation, analysis, and interpretation of numerical data”.
STATISTICS DEFINED IN PLURAL SENSE (as statistical data)According to Horace Secrist, “By statistics, we mean aggregates of facts affected to a marked extent by a multiplicity of cause numerically expressed, enumerated or estimated according to reasonable standards of accuracy, collected systematically for a predetermined purpose and placed with each other”.
FUNCTIONS OF STATISTICS
IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS 1. Statistics in Economics Several economic problems can easily be understood by the use of Statistics. It helps in the formulation of economic policies, e.g., basic economic activities like production, consumption, etc. use Statistics. The importance of Statistics in various parts of economics has been discussed as follows :
Statistics in distribution. Statistical methods are used in solving the problem of distribution of national income among various factors of production i.e., land, labor, capital, and entrepreneur. Statistics in Economic Planning Economic planning is done to achieve certain targets for the growth of the economy using scarce resources of the nation. Statistics helps in evaluating various stages of economic planning through statistical methods. According to Tippett, “Planning is the order of the day, and without Statistics planning is inconceivable.” Statistics help in comparing the growth rate. It helps to formulate plans to achieve predetermined objectives. It measures the success and failure of plans and accordingly guides to apply corrective measures.
Statistical tools play a very important role in major business activities. The producer depends upon market research to estimate market demand and the market research is based on Statistics. The trader depends heavily on methods of statistical analysis to study the market. Statistical tools are very important for the detailed analysis of money transactions in the business.
Formulation of a policy involves Statistics. The state gathers the facts relating to population, literacy, employment, poverty, per capita income, etc., with the help of statistical methods and principles. It helps the state to achieve targets with the help of optimum utilization of scarce resources LIMITATIONS OF STATISTICS It does not study the qualitative aspect of a problem: The most important condition of statical study is that the subject of investigation and inquiry should be capable of being quantitatively measured. Qualitative phenomena e.g., honesty, intelligence, poverty, etc., cannot be studied in statistics unless these attributes are expressed in terms of numerals It does not study individuals: Statistics is the study of mass data and deals with aggregates of facts which are ultimately reduced to a single value for analysis. Individual values of the observation have no specific importance. For example, the income of a family is, say Rs. 1000, does not convey statistical meaning while the average income of 100 families says Rs. 400, is a statistical statement. Statistical laws are true only on an average: Laws of statistics are not universally applicable like the laws of chemistry, physics, and mathematics. They are true on average because the results are affected by a large number of causes. The ultimate results obtained by statistical analysis are true under certain circumstances only. Statistics can be misused: Statistics is liable to be misused. The results obtained can be manipulated according to one’s own interest and such manipulated results can mislead the community. Statistics simply is one of the methods of studying a phenomenon: Statistical calculations are simple expressions that should be supplemented by other methods for a complete comprehension of the results. Thus statistics is only a means and not the end. Statistical results lack mathematical accuracy: The result drawn from statistical analysis are normally in approximates. As the statistical analysis is based on observations of mass data, several inaccuracies may be present and it is difficult to rectify them. Therefore, these results are estimates rather than exact statements. Statistical studies are a failure in the fields where one number percent accuracy is desired What is defined as the science of collection presentation analysis and interpretation of numerical data?statistics, the science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.
Who gave definition of statistics?In 1791 Sir John Sinclair introduced the term 'statistics' into English in his Statistical Accounts of Scotland. In 1802 Laplace estimated the population of France to be 28,328,612.
What is statistics according to Horace secrist?Prof. Horace secrist defined statistics as “aggregates of facts affected to a marked extent by multiplicity of causes, numerically expressed, enumerated or estimated according to reasonable standards of accuracy, collected in a systematic manner for a predetermined purpose and placed in relation to each other”.
What is statistics According to Al Bowley?Bowley, Statistics is called as Science of counting and averages Science of counting and averages. ➢As per Boddington, statistics is science of. estimates and probabilities.
|