What is the proper order for putting on the following protective clothing?
The type of PPE used will vary based on the type of exposure anticipated, and not all items of PPE will be required. Show NB Masks and goggles are not routinely recommended for contact precautions. Consider the use of these under standard infection control precautions or if there are other routes of transmission. Putting on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Perform hand hygiene before putting on PPE. The order for putting on PPE is Apron or Gown, Surgical Mask, Eye Protection (where required) and Gloves. * If gloves are removed first, hands must only touch uncontaminated surfaces of the gown, typically behind the neck (ties) and at the back of the shoulders. The gown is then peeled down off the body and arms, balling or rolling in the contaminated surfaces (front and sleeves). This is difficult to do, however, without contaminating the hands. The preferred method for doffing a disposable gown and gloves is, therefore, to break the ties at the neck by pulling on the upper front portion of the gown with the hands still gloved, balling or rolling in the contaminated surfaces, and pulling the gloves off inside-out as the hands are withdrawn from the gown’s sleeves. The gown and gloves can then be placed in a disposal receptacle together. In California every employer has a legal obligation to provide and maintain a safe and healthful workplace for employees, according to the California Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1973. As of 1991, a written, effective Injury and Illness Prevention (IIP), Program is required for every California employer. This manual describes the employers' responsibilities in establishing, implementing, maintaining, an IIP Program. It also outlines steps that can be taken to develop an effective Program that helps assure the safety and health of employees while on the job. The term "employer" as used in the Cal/OSHA Act includes any person or corporation, the State and every State agency, every county or city or district and public agency therein, which has any person engaged in or permitted to work for hire, except for household services. This manual is designed to help employers provide better workplace protection for their employees, and to reduce losses resulting from accidents and injuries. The material in this publication is based on principles and techniques developed by occupational safety and health professionals nationwide. It is intended to provide guidance, rather than prescribe requirements, and is not intended as a legal interpretation of any state standard. Table of ContentsAccidents Cost MoneyControlling Losses Cal/OSHA Injury & Illness Prevention ProgramManagement Commitment/Assignment of Responsibilities Safety Communications Hazard Assessment & Control Accident Investigation Safety Planning, Rules & Work Procedures Safety & Health TrainingAssign Responsibilities Look at What You Have Safety & Health Survey Workplace Assessment Review & Compare Develop an Action Plan Take Action Maintain Your ProgramInjury & Illness Records Exposure Records Documentation of your ActivitiesCal/OSHA Consultation Service Other Sources Why Have a Workplace Injury and Illness Prevention Program?Taking risks is a part of running a business, particularly for small business owners. You take risks in product development, marketing, and advertising in order to stay competitive. Some risks are just not worth the gamble. One of these is risking the safety and health of those who work for you. Accidents Cost Money Safety organizations, states, small business owners and major corporations alike now realize that the actual cost of a lost workday injury is substantial. For every dollar you spend on the direct costs of a worker's injury or illness, you will spend much more to cover the indirect and hidden costs. Consider what one lost workday injury would cost you in terms of:
Controlling Losses If you would like to reduce the costs and risks associated with workplace injuries and illnesses, you need to address safety and health right along with production. Setting up an Injury and Illness Prevention Program helps you do this. In developing the program, you identify what has to be done to promote the safety and health of your employees and worksite, and you outline policies and procedures to achieve your safety and health goals. Cal/OSHA Injury & Illness Prevention Program In California every employer is required by law (Labor Code Section) to provide a safe and healthful workplace for his/her employees. Title 8 (T8), of the California Code of Regulations (CCR), requires every California employer to have an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program in writing that must be in accord with T8 CCR Section 3203 of the General Industry Safety Orders. Additional requirements in the following T8 CCR Safety Order Sections address specific industries:
For your convenience Section 3203 (General Industry) and Section 1509 (Construction) are reproduced here. What is an Injury & Illness Prevention Program?Your Injury and Illness Prevention Program must be a written plan that includes procedures and is put into practice. These elements are required:
Management Commitment/Assignment of Responsibilities Your commitment to safety and health shows in every decision you make and every action you take. Your employees will respond to that commitment. The person or persons with the authority and responsibility for your safety and health program must be identified and given management's full support. You can demonstrate your commitment through your personal concern for employee safety and health and by the priority you place on these issues. If you want maximum production and quality, you need to control potential work-place hazards and correct hazardous conditions or practices as they occur or are recognized. You must commit yourself and your company by building an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program and integrating it into your entire operation. This commitment must be backed by strong organizational policies, procedures, incentives, and disciplinary actions as necessary to ensure employee compliance with safe and healthful work practices. They should include:
Safety Communications Your program must include a system for communicating with employees - in a form readily understandable by all affected employees - on matters relating to occupational safety and health, including provisions designed to encourage employees to inform the employer of hazards at the worksite without fear of reprisal. While this section does not require employers to establish labor-management safety and health committees, it is an option you should consider. If you choose to do so, remember that employers who elect to use a labor-management safety and health committee to comply with the communication requirements are presumed to be in substantial compliance if the committee:
If your employees are not represented by an agreement with an organized labor union, and part of your employee population is unionized, the establishment of labor-management committees is considerably more complicated. You should request clarification from the Cal/OSHA Consultation Service. If you elect not to use labor-management safety and health committees, be prepared to formalize and document your required system for communicating with employees. Here are some helpful tips on complying with this difficult section:
Hazard Assessment & Control Periodic inspections and procedures for correction and control provide a method of identifying existing or potential hazards in the workplace, and eliminating or controlling them. Hazard control is the heart of an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program. If hazards occur or recur, this reflects a breakdown in the hazard control system. The hazard control system is also the basis for developing safe work procedures and injury/illness prevention training. The required hazard assessment survey of your establishment, when first developing your Injury and Illness Prevention Program, must be made by a qualified person. This survey can provide the basis and guide for establishing your hazard assessment and control system. The survey produces knowledge of hazards that exist in the workplace, and conditions, equipment and procedures that could be potentially hazardous. An effective hazard control system will identify: hazards that exist or develop in your workplace, how to correct those hazards, and steps you can take to prevent their recurrence. If you have an effective system for monitoring workplace conditions:
Accident Investigation A primary tool you should be using in an effort to identify and recognize the areas responsible for accidents is a thorough and properly completed accident investigation. It should be in writing and adequately identify the cause(s) of the accident or near-miss occurrence. Accident investigations should be conducted by trained individuals, and with the primary focus of understanding why the accident or near miss occurred and what actions can be taken to preclude recurrence. In large organizations this responsibility may be assigned to the safety director. In smaller organizations the responsibility may lie directly with the supervisor responsible for the affected area or employee. Questions to ask in an accident investigation include:
Corrective action should be identified in terms of not only how it will prevent a recurrence of the accident or near miss, but also how it will improve the overall operation. This will assist the investigation in selling his/her solutions to management. The solution should be a means of achieving not only accident control, but also total operation control. If you have a safety and health committee, its members should review investigations of all accidents and near-miss incidents to assist in recommending appropriate corrective actions to prevent a similar recurrence. Thorough investigation of all accidents and near misses will help you identify causes and needed corrections, and can help you determine why accidents occur, where they happen, and any accident trends. Such information is critical to preventing and controlling hazards and potential accidents. Safety Planning, Rules & Work Procedures Planning for safety and health is an important part of every business decision, including purchasing, engineering, changes in work processes, and planning for emergencies. Your safety and health planning are effective when your workplace has:
Safety & Health Training Training is one of the most important elements of any Injury and Illness Prevention Program. It allows employees to learn their job properly, brings new ideas into the workplace, reinforces existing ideas and practices, and puts your program into action. Your employees benefit from safety and health training through fewer work-related injuries and illnesses, and reduced stress and worry caused by exposure to hazards. You benefit from reduced workplace injuries and illnesses, increased productivity, lower costs, higher profits, and a more cohesive and dependable work force. An effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program includes training for both supervisors and employees. Training for both is required by Cal/OSHA safety orders. You may need outside professionals to help you develop and conduct your required training program. Help is available from the Cal/ OSHA Consultation Service, your workers' compensation insurance carrier, private consultants and vendor representatives. Outside trainers should be considered temporary. Eventually you will need your own in-house training capabilities so you can provide training that is timely and specific to the needs of your workplace and your employees. To be effective and also meet Cal/OSHA requirements, your training program needs to:
An effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program requires proper job performance by everyone in the workplace. As the employer, you must ensure that all employees are knowledgeable about the materials and equipment they are working with, what known hazards are present and how they are controlled. Each employee needs to understand that:
Your supervisors must recognize that they are the primary safety trainers in your organization. Encourage and help them by providing supervisory training. Many community colleges offer management training courses at little or no cost. You as the employer are required under Cal/ OSHA standards to establish and carry out a formal training program. A professional training person, an outside consultant or your supervisors may provide injury and illness prevention training to your employees. This program must, at a minimum, provide training and instruction:
Getting Started on Your Injury & Illness Prevention ProgramPut the elements (see page 7) of an Injury and Illness Prevention Program together, and come up with a plan to suit your individual workplace. Decide exactly what you want to accomplish, and determine what steps are necessary to achieve your goals. Then plan out how and when each step will be carried out and who will do it and put this plan in writing. In developing the plan, consider your company's immediate needs and provide for ongoing worker protection. If you have difficulty deciding where to begin, call the Cal/OSHA Consultation Service for assistance. A Consultation Service consultant can help you determine what is needed to make your Injury and Illness Prevention Program effective. The consultant will work with you on a plan for making these improvements, and assist you in establishing procedures for making sure your program remains effective. The following sections describe the process you might go through in establishing an Injury and Illness Prevention Program. Remember that you do not have to do everything described in this manual at once. Assign Responsibilities Decide who in your company will be given responsibility and authority to manage this program. In many cases, it's the owner. Sometimes the plant manager or a ranking member of the management team is the one to develop and set up the program. It could even be an engineer, personnel specialist or other staff member. The person assigned must be identified by name in your program. Your program's success hinges on the individual you choose, and he/she cannot succeed without your full cooperation and support. Remember, though, that even when you appoint someone as your safety manager and delegate authority to manage the program, the ultimate responsibility for safety and health in your workplace still rests with you. When considering responsibility, do not forget to include all of your employees. Give each employee training and responsibility to follow your safety and health procedures, and to recognize report hazards in his/her immediate work area. All employees must be informed of their responsibility under Labor Code Section 6407.1, which requires every employee to comply with occupational safety and health standards applicable to their own actions and conduct. Look at What You Have Before you make any changes in your safety and health operations, gather as much information as possible about current conditions at your workplace, and work practices that are already part of your Injury and Illness Prevention Program. This information can help you identify workplace problems and determine what's involved in solving them. Assessment of your workplace should be conducted by the person responsible for the Injury and Illness Prevention Program, and/or a professional occupational safety and health consultant. It consists of the following activities. Safety & Health Survey The first is a comprehensive safety and health survey of your facility to identify existing or potential safety and health hazards. This survey should evaluate workplace conditions with respect to: safety and health regulations and generally recognized safe work practices and physical hazards; use of any hazardous materials; employee work habits; and a discussion of safety and health problems with employees. The survey must be documented if made for the purpose of establishing an Injury and Illness Prevention Program. Your safety and health survey includes:
Workplace Assessment The next activity is an evaluation of your existing Injury and Illness Prevention Program to identify areas that may be working well and those that may need improvement. Examine your company's:
Review & Compare After all the facts are gathered, look at how the information on your workplace corresponds with the standards, and with the critical components of an Injury and Illness Prevention Program: management commitment/assignment of responsibilities; safety communications system with employees; system for assuring employee compliance with safe work practices; scheduled inspections/evaluation system; accident investigation; procedures for correcting unsafe/ unhealthy conditions; safety and health training and instruction; recordkeeping and documentation. You may find that you are already well on your way toward having a good Injury and Illness Prevention Program. Compare what you have with Appendix B. Develop an Action Plan An action plan is a specific, written description of problems and solutions-it can and should be changed to correspond with changes in the workplace. A good action plan has two parts. One is an overall list of major changes or improvements needed to make your Injury and Illness Prevention Program effective. Assign each item a priority and a target date for completion, and identify the person who will monitor or direct each action. The second part of an action plan involves taking each major change or improvement listed and working out a specific plan for making that change. Write out what you want to accomplish, the steps required, who would be assigned to do what, and when you plan to be finished. This part of the action plan helps you keep track of program improvement so that details do not slip through the cracks. Take Action Put your plan into action, beginning with the item assigned highest priority. Make sure it is realistic and manageable, then address the steps you have written out for that item. You can, of course, work on more than one item at a time. Priorities may change as other needs are identified or as your company's resources change. Open communication with your employees is crucial to the success of your efforts. Their cooperation depends on understanding what the Injury and Illness Prevention Program is all about, why it is important to them, and how it affects their work. The more you do to keep them informed of the changes you are making, the smoother your transition will be. By putting your action plan into operation at your workplace, you will have taken a major step toward having an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program. Remember, an Injury and Illness Prevention Program is a plan put into practice. Maintain Your Program Schedule a review-quarterly, semiannually or annually-to look at each critical component in your Injury and Illness Prevention Program, to determine what is working well and what changes, if any, are needed. When you identify needs that should be addressed, you have the basis for new safety and health objectives for program improvement. Safety & Health RecordkeepingNo operation can be successful without adequate recordkeeping, which enables you to learn from past experience and make corrections for future operations. Records of accidents, work-related injuries, illnesses and property losses serve as a valuable purpose. Under Cal/OSHA recordkeeping requirements, information on accidents is gathered and stored. Upon review, causes can be identified and control procedures instituted to prevent the illness or injury from recurring. Keep in mind that any inspection of your workplace may require you to demonstrate the effectiveness of your program. Injury & Illness Records Injury and illness recordkeeping requirements under Cal/OSHA require a minimum amount of paperwork. These records give you one measure for evaluating the success of your safety and health activities: success would generally mean a reduction or elimination of employee injuries or illnesses during a calendar year. Five important steps are required by the Cal/ OSHA recordkeeping system:
NOTE: Additional information on recordkeeping can be found on the Internet at: http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/etools/recordkeeping/index.html During the year, regularly review these records to see where your injuries and illnesses are occurring. Look for any patterns or repeat situations. These records can help you identify hazardous areas in your work-place and pinpoint where immediate corrective action is needed. Since the basic Cal/OSHA records are for reportable injuries and illnesses only, you might expand your system to include all incidents relating to workplace safety and health, even those where no injury or illness resulted. Such information can assist you in pinpointing unsafe acts, conditions or procedures. Exposure Records Injury and illness records may not be the only records you need to maintain. Cal/ OSHA standards concerning toxic substances and hazardous exposures require records of employee exposure to these substances and sources, physical examination reports, employment records, and other information. Employers using any regulated carcinogens have additional reporting and recordkeeping requirements. See Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations for details. Documentation of Your Activities Essential records, including those legally required for workers' compensation, insurance audits, and government inspections, must be maintained for as long as required. For most employers, Cal/OSHA standards also require that you keep records of steps taken to establish and maintain your Injury and Illness Prevention Program. They must include:
Also, employers with fewer than 10 employees can substantially comply with the documentation provision by maintaining a log of instructions provided to the employee with respect to the hazards unique to the employees' job assignment when first hired or assigned new duties. Some relief from documentation is available for employers with fewer than 20 employees who are working in industries that are on the Department of Industrial Relations (DIR's) designated list of low-hazard industries, and for employers with fewer than 20 employees who are not on DlR's list of high-hazard industries and who have a Workers' Compensation Experience Modification Rate of 1.1 or less. For these industries, written documentation of the Injury and Illness Prevention Program may be limited to:
Keeping such records fulfills your responsibilities under General Industry Safety Order 3203. It also affords an efficient means to review your current safety and health activities for better control of your operations, and to plan future improvements. Model ProgramsThree model Injury and Illness Prevention Programs are available from Cal/OSHA. They are:
There are no requirements to use these model programs. However, any employer in an industry which has been determined by Cal/ OSHA as being non-high hazard and who adopts, posts, and implements the Workplace Injury and Illness Prevention Model Program for Non-High Hazard Employers in good faith is not subject to assessment of a civil penalty for a first violation of T8 CCR 3203. Any employer in an industry which has been determined by Cal/OSHA to historically utilize intermittent or seasonal employees and who adopts and implements the Workplace Injury and Illness Prevention Model Program for Employers with Intermittent Workers in good faith is deemed to be in compliance with the IIP Program requirements of T8 CCR 3203. Proper use of these model programs, requires the IIP Program administrator to carefully review the requirements for each of the eight IIP Program elements, fill in the appropriate blank spaces and check those items that are applicable to your workplace. Sample forms for hazard assessment and correction, accident/exposure investigation, and worker training and instruction are provided with these model programs. Also provided are lists of training subjects and workplace checklists. As always, these model programs must be maintained by the employer in order to be effective. Contact the nearest Cal/OSHA Consultation Service office listed at the back of this publication to learn more about the model programs and obtain information on the different industry lists. Sources of Information & HelpThe Cal/OSHA Consultation Service can suggest sources both governmental and private for information, advice and training aids to help you develop and maintain your safety program. A surprising amount of assistance can be obtained at no cost to you, if you take time to inquire. In cases where money must be spent, it is usually money well spent. Cal/OSHA Consultation Service Employers who need help developing, improving or maintaining a safe and healthful place of employment can obtain free professional assistance from the Cal/ OSHA Consultation Ser-vice on any of the issues or activities described in this manual. Cal/OSHA consultants help employers by:
All services of the Cal/OSHA Consultation Service are entirely separate and distinct from the enforcement activities of the Division of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). Consultants do not issue citations or assess penalties, and they do not inform DOSH of their work with an employer. Any employer who has had a wall-wall survey performed by the Cal/OSHA Consultation Service, and has an effective Injury and Illness Prevention Program in operation, will greatly re-duce the likelihood of citations or penalties if inspected by DOSH. Employers with fixed worksites and 250 or fewer employees at a specific worksite, can now become exempt from a DOSH discretionary compliance inspection by participating in a voluntary compliance program. To obtain assistance or information from the Cal/OSHA Consultation Service contact any of its offices listed inside the back cover of this manual. Other Sources
Appendix A: Model Policy Statements"The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, clearly states our common goal of safe and healthful working conditions to be the first consideration in operating this business." "Safety and health in our business must be part of every operation. Without questions, it is every employee's responsibility at all levels." "It is intent of this company to comply with all laws. To do this, we must constantly be aware of conditions in all work areas that can produce injuries. No employee is required to work at a job he/she knows is not safe or healthful. Your cooperation in detecting hazards and, in turn, controlling them, is a condition of your employment. Inform your supervisor immediately of any situation beyond your ability or authority to correct." "The personal safety and health of each employee of this company is of primary importance. Prevention of occupationally-induced injuries and illnesses is of such consequence that it will be given precedence over operating productivity, whenever necessary. To the greatest degree possible, management will provide all mechanical and physical activities required for personal safety and health, in keeping with the highest standards." "We will maintain a safety and health program conforming to the best practices of organizations of this type. To be successful, such a program must embody proper attitudes toward injury and illness prevention on the part of supervisors and employees. It also requires cooperation in all safety and health matters, not only between supervisor and employee, but also between each employee and his/her co-workers. Only through such a cooperative effort can a safety program in the best interest of all be established and preserved." "Our objective is a safety and health program that will reduce the number of injuries and illnesses to an absolute minimum, not merely in keeping with, but surpassing, the best experience of operations similar to ours. Our goal is zero accidents and injuries." "Our safety and health program will include:
"We recognize that the responsibilities for safety and health are shared:
Appendix B: Non-Mandatory Checklist Evaluation Injury & Illness Prevention Programs
Appendix C: Code of Safe Practices(This is a suggested code. It is general in nature and intended as a basis for preparation by the contractor of a code that fits his operations more exactly.)GENERAL
Appendix D: Title 8, Section 3203 and 1509Title 8, Section 3203. Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
Title 8, Section 1509. Construction Injury and Illness Prevention Program.
This document is not meant to be either a substitute for — or a legal interpretation of — the occupational safety and health standards. The reader is cautioned to refer directly to Title 8 of the California Code of Regulations for detailed and exact information, specifications, and exceptions. Which is the correct order of wearing personal protective equipment?Putting on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The order for putting on PPE is Apron or Gown, Surgical Mask, Eye Protection (where required) and Gloves.
What is the correct order for putting on PPE quizlet?What is the order procedure steps when donning PPE? Wash hands for 15 seconds, gown, mask, eye covers, hair net, shoe covers, gloves, and than wash hands.
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