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1st EditionJohn Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen
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1,387 solutions
Ways of the World: A Global History
3rd EditionRobert W. Strayer
232 solutions
America's History for the AP Course
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Essentialism: Purpose of education, transmit culture, develop citizens. Student is a learner, teacher instructs in essentials. Methods include: required reading, lectures, memorization, repetition, examinations, step-by-step directions. Curriculum focuses on subject matter, content.
Behaviorism: Teacher influences student behavior by controlling stimuli. School environment, highly organized. Knowledge is observable: a reward system is often utilized. Curriculum based on behavioral objectives.
Positivism: Direct instruction, cleared structured directions and expectations. Knowledge gained through empirical observation. Students assessed using same objective criteria. Content standards based on expert understandings.