Thì hiện tại hoàn thành là một trong những thì cơ bản và xuất hiện nhiều ở các dạng bài tập về thì. Nhằm giúp bạn nhanh chóng nắm được kiến thức tổng quan của loại thì này, dưới đây là một số thông tin cơ bản và tổng hợp các dạng để bạn tham khảo và luyện tập để dễ dàng chinh phục thì này nhé !
Nội dung bài viết
Một số kiến thức cơ bản bạn cần nắm về thì hiện tại hoàn thành gồm:
1.1 Công thức cấu trúc thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Khẳng định S + have/ has + VpII
Ví dụ: Linh has done her homework since 3 p.m [Linh đã hoàn thành bài tập của cô ấy từ 3 giờ chiều.
Phủ định S + have/ has + not + VpII
Ví dụ: Annie hasn’t come home since 6 p.m. [Annie vẫn chưa về nhà từ 6 giờ tối]
Nghi vấn 1. Yes/No Question
Q: Have/ Has + S + VpII +… ?
A: Yes, S + have/ has.
No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t.
Ví dụ:
Q: Has your mother told you about the story? [Bố bạn đã kể câu chuyện đó chưa?]
A: No, she hasn’t/ Yes, she has
2. Wh-Question
WH-word + have/ has + S [+ not] + VpII +…?
Ví dụ: Where has he been? [Anh ấy đã ở đâu vậy?]
1.2 Cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Dưới đây là cách dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành bạn cần nắm:
- Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại.
Lưu ý: Trong câu thường bao gồm các cụm từ: today, this morning, this evening.
Ví dụ: Mike have played tennis for 7 years [Mike đã chơi tennis 7 năm rồi]
- Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra nhiều lần trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: He has come to class late 8 times this month [Anh ấy đã đến lớp trễ 8 lần tháng này]
- Diễn tả một kinh nghiệm cho tới thời điểm hiện tại
Lưu ý: Trong câu thường có dùng “ever” hoặc “never”
Ví dụ: Mr. Ken has never travelled on his own before. [Ông Ken chưa từng đi du lịch một mình]
- Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc vừa mới xảy ra.
Ví dụ: My cat has just run away! [Con mèo của tôi vừa mới chạy đi]
- Dùng để thể hiện khi thời điểm xảy ra sự việc không quan trọng hoặc không được biết rõ.
Ví dụ: Mie has gone home. [Mie đã đi về nhà rồi]
- Dùng để nói về sự việc vừa mới xảy ra và hậu quả của nó vẫn còn tác động đến hiện tại.
Ví dụ: She have broken the vase. [Cô ấy đã làm vỡ cái bình hoa]
- Hành động trong quá khứ nhưng quan trọng tại thời điểm nói.
Ví dụ: The boss has announced the opening of a new branch! [Ông chủ đã công bố khai trương một chi nhánh mới!]
1.3 Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành được nhận biết thông qua các dấu hiệu sau
Dấu hiệu 1: Trong câu bao gồm các trạng từ:
- Before: trước đây
- Ever: đã từng
- Never: chưa từng, không bao giờ
- For + quãng thời gian: trong khoảng [for years, for a long time,..]
- Since + mốc thời gian: từ khi [since 2020,…]
- Yet: chưa [dùng trong câu phủ định và câu nghi vấn]
- …the first/ second…time : lần đầu tiên/ thứ hai..
- Just = Recently = Lately: gần đây, vừa mới
- Already: rồi
- So far = Until now = Up to now = Up to the present: cho đến bây giờ
Ví dụ: He has not eaten dinner so far. [Đến giờ anh ấy vẫn chưa ăn tối]
Dấu hiệu 2: Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Trạng từ Vị trí
- Already
- Never
- Ever
- just
- Sau “have/ has” và đứng trước động từ phân từ II
- Already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
Ví dụ: Ms. Anna has paid for the service already. [Cô Alice đã trả tiền dịch vụ rồi]
Yet Đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
Ví dụ: My father has not called me yet. [Bố vẫn chưa gọi điện cho tôi]
- So far
- Recently
- Lately
- Up to present
- Up to this moment
- In/ for/ during/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: Có thể đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.
Ví dụ: The council has recently passed three new regulation. [Hội đồng vừa thông qua ba quy định mới]
2. Bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành cơ bản và nâng cao kèm đáp án
Dưới đây là một số dạng bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành cơ bản và nâng cao giúp bạn có thể nắm vững kiến thức về thì của mình.
2.1 Bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành cơ bản
Bài 1: Điền dạng động từ
Simple Form Simple Past Past Participle work do eat see watch remember finish begin give hear call wear weave go study teach catch make talk have fight meet become come understand know touch feel fall lie lay put cut show dance drink drive ride ring sing fling fly
Bài 2: Điền vào chỗ trống trống với những từ đã đã cho
take / work / find / see / speak / know / begin do / learn / eat / have / write / give / live / buy / be
1. I met Barbara when we were in elementary school. We _______________ each other for over twenty years.
2. We __________________ many new words since we started this course.
3. That’s a wonderful movie. I ____________________ it three times.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Tonner _____________________ married for 10 years.
5. You are late! The class ________________ already __________________.
6. Robert is my neighbor. He ___________________ next door to me for five years.
7. Mary ____________________ several letters to her parents since she left home.
8. We _____________________ in that restaurant several times.
9. Our teacher _____________________ us a lot of help with the homework assignment.
10. She ______________________ to her landlord many times about the broken window.
11. We have a new camera. We _____________________ some beautiful pictures of the grandchildren.
12. They ____________________ all their homework already.
13. Mrs. Baxter _________________________ all her groceries for the week.
14. Tommy ______________________ a bad cold for two weeks.
15. Frank _____________________ for that company for many years.
16. After three months of looking, she __________________ a beautiful apartment to rent.
Bài 3: Hiện tại hoàn thành với Since và For
Viết lại các câu sau sử dụng từ hoặc cho và động từ cung cấp. Bạn có thể phải thay đổi một số từ, nhưng giữ nguyên nghĩa.
Ex. Bill and Rita got married twenty years ago. Bill and Rita have been married for twenty years. [be]
1. Jordan moved into this apartment in 2005. __________________________________________________________________________ [live]
2. Ellen and Rose met each other 40 years ago. __________________________________________________________________________ [know]
3. The teacher came to school at 8:00 this morning. __________________________________________________________________________ [be]
4. Robbie grew a beard six months ago. __________________________________________________________________________ [have]
5. Dennis bought his car four years ago. __________________________________________________________________________ [own]
6. Maria started to wear glasses when she was five years old. __________________________________________________________________________ [wear]
7. David fell in love with Patricia when they were teenagers. __________________________________________________________________________ [be]
8. Mark started to work at the bank three years ago. __________________________________________________________________________ [work]
9. Sam learned how to swim three years ago. __________________________________________________________________________ [know]
Bài 4: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành với Ever và Never.
Thực hành sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành bằng cách đặt câu hỏi bắt đầu với “Have you ever…?”. Sử dụng các từ được cung cấp để đặt câu hỏi của bạn.
Ex. you /ever/ be/ to France – Have you ever been to France?
Then answer each question using either a positive or negative reply.
Ex. Have you ever been to France? Yes, I have. I’ve been there several times. or Yes, I have. I was there last year. or No, I haven’t.
1. the teacher/ ever/ be/ late for class ___________________________________________________________
2. the pilot/ ever/ fly/ in a helicopter ___________________________________________________________
3. your father/ ever/ make/ dinner for your mother ________________________________________________
4. you/ ever/ find/ a lot of money on the street ___________________________________________________
5. the children/ ever/ go camping/ in the forest ___________________________________________________
6. the baseball team/ ever/ win a championship game ______________________________________________
7. the actress/ever/ forget her lines _____________________________________________________________
8. the policeman/ever/ shoot anyone ___________________________________________________________
9. the politicians/ever/ break their promises ______________________________________________________
2.2 Bài tập nâng cao thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Bài 1: Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ được cung cấp, sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành.
1._______________________ you _____________________ to your boyfriend yet? [write]
-> Yes, I _____________________. I _____________________ to him last week.
2. _____________________ your parents _____________________ a new car yet? [buy]
Yes, they _____________________. They _____________________ one last month.
3. _____________________ Ellen _____________________ her new dress yet? [wear]
Yes, she _____________________. She _____________________ it last night.
4_____________________ you _____________________ your car keys yet? [find]
Yes, I _____________________. I _____________________ them on the shelf in the kitchen.
5._____________________ the children _____________________ to bed yet? [go]
Yes, they _____________________. They _____________________ to bed an hour ago.
6._____________________ Mrs. Stewart _____________________ the doctor yet? [see]
Yes, she _____________________. She _____________________ him yesterday.
7._____________________ the president _____________________ to the reporters yet? [speak]
Yes, he _____________________. He _____________________ to them a few minutes ago.
8._____________________ your soccer team _____________________ a game yet? [lose]
Yes, we _____________________. We _____________________ the game last Saturday.
9._____________________ Sam _____________________ a Spanish course yet? [take]
Yes, he _____________________. He _____________________ one last semester.
10_____________________ you _____________________ your new neighbors yet? [meet]
Yes, I _____________________. I _____________________ them last week.
Bài 2: Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ được cung cấp, sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn hoặc hiện tại hoàn thành.
1. We _______________________[move] to Vancouver last April. We _______________________[live] there for six months now.
2. I _______________________ [go] to every hockey game this season. I _______________________ [go] to the game last night with my brother.
3. I ____________________ [lose] my house key last week and I still ______________________ [not/find] it.
4. When _______________________ you _______________________[quit] smoking? I _______________________[not/smoke] for over five years now and I will never smoke again.
5. Nora _______________________ [buy] a lot of souvenirs yesterday. She _______________________ never _______________________ [buy] this many souvenirs on a vacation before.
6. “Would you like another cup of coffee?” “No thanks. I _______________________ already _______________________ [have] three cups.
7. Frank _______________________[work] for ABC Electric from 1990 to 2002. Now he owns his own business. He _______________________[have] it for six years.
8. Grandma _______________________[fall] and _______________________[break] her hip last week. She _______________________ [be] in the hospital since then.
9. My former teacher _______________________[be] Mr. Blair. My present teacher is Mrs. Carter. I _______________________ [be] in her class for three months now.
10. In my whole life, I _______________________ never _______________________[meet] a famous person, but my brother ____________________ [speak] to three famous actors when he was in Hollywood last year.
11. Last year we _______________________[drive] through three Canadian provinces. Now we are traveling in Europe. We ____________________ already ____________________ [drive] through eight countries.
12. This French course _______________________ [start] three months ago. We _______________________ already _______________________ [learn] several verb tenses and thousands of new words.
13. Mr. Barnes _______________________[die] last year. Mrs. Barnes _______________________[move] into her daughter’s house shortly after that and _______________________ [be] there since then.
Bài 3: Điền vào chỗ trống
1. Mark [grow] ___________three inches in the last six months!
2. My dog [bury] _____________ many bones in the backyard.
3. Teresa and Anne [talk] _____________ to their landlord many times about the broken light fixture in their kitchen.
4. Unfortunately, he [fix, still, not] _____________it.
5. I [visit] ______________New York City many times.
6. Elizabeth [catch] _____________ three colds this winter.
7. Because of this, she [go, not] _____________skiing since December.
8. Tom [decide] ___________to join a health club.
9. Rita [write, not] ______________a letter to Paul since the beginning of the semester.
10. Paul wonders why Rita [answer, not] ________________his letters.
11. He thinks that she [forget] __________________him.
12. However, this is not true. She [be] _____________very busy studying and working, and she will write to him when she gets a chance.
Bài 4: Điền BEEN hoặc GONE vào ô trống.
[A] Robert is not here. He has ___________________________ to work.
[B] The office is empty. Everybody has ________________________ home.
[C] It is good to see you again. Where have you _____________________________?
[D] My brother has _____________________________ to America four times.
[E] Sorry, you can’t speak to Anna. She has _______________________ to a party.
[F] Mary’s hair looks nice. She has just ________________________ to the hairdresser’s.
[G] Peter has ___________________________ to New Zealand and he is staying there.
[H] Have you ever _______________________ to Mount Aoraki? It’s breathtaking!
[I] I have _______________________to Rio three times.
[J] My sister is not at home at the moment. She has ________________________ shopping.
[K] Can you tell me the way to Nelson? I have never ____________________ there before.
[L] You are late. Where have you __________________________?
[M] You look well. Have you ________________________ on holiday somewhere?
[N] Mum will be home soon. She has __________________________ to the supermarket.
[O] They have ___________________ in London for ten days, but now have returned home.
[P] Gerard won’t come with us to the party. He has _____________________ to Paris for the weekend.
[Q] This is the first time I have ever __________________ aboard a ship. It is exciting.
[R] I know Paris very well. I have _________________________ there many times.
[S] They have ______________________ to Rome. They will return next week.
[T] Where have you ___________________? I have _____________ looking for you everywhere.
3. Đáp án thì hiện tại hoàn thành
3.1 Đáp án bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành cơ bản
Bài 1:
Simple Form Simple Form Simple Past Past Participle work work worked worked do do did done eat eat ate eaten see see saw seen watch watch watched watched remember remember remembered remembered finish finish finnished finnished begin begin began begun give give gave given hear hear heard heard call call called called wear wear wore worn weave weave wove woven go go went gone study study studied studied teach teach taught taught catch catch caught caught make make made made talk talk talked talked have have had had fight fight fought fought meet meet met met become become became become come come came come understand understand understood understood know know knew known touch touch taught taught feel feel felt felt fall fall fell fallen lie lie lay lain lay lay laid laid put put put put cut cut cut cut show show showed shown dance dance danced danced drink . drink drank drunk drive drive drove driven ride ride rode ridden ring ring rang rung sing sing sang sung fling fling flung flung fly fly flew flown
Bài 2:
1. have known 2. have learned 3. have seen 4. have been 5. has begun
6. has lived 7. has given 8. have eaten 9. has helped 10. has spoken
11. have taken 12. have done 13. has bought 14. has had 15. has worked 16. has found
Bài 3:
1. Jordan has lived in this apartment since 2005.
2. Ellen and Rose have known each other for 40 years.
3. The teacher has been at school since 8:00 this morning.
4. Robbie has had a beard for six months.
5. Dennis has owned his car for 4 years.
6. Maria has worn glasses since she was five years old.
7. David has been in love with Patricia since they were teenagers.
8. Mark has worked at the ban for three years.
9. Sam has known to swim for three years.
Bài 4:
1. Has the teacher ever been late for class?
2. Has the pilot ever flown in a helicopter?
3. Has your father ever made dinner for your mother?
4. have you ever found a lot of money on the street?
5. Have the children ever gone camping in the forest?
6. Has the baseball team ever won a championship game?
7. Has the actress ever forgot her lines?
8. Has the policeman ever shot anyone?
9. Have the politicians ever broken their promises?
3.2 Đáp án bài tập thì hiện tại hoàn thành nâng cao
Bài 1:
1. have, written, did, wrote 6. has, seen, has, saw
2. have, bought, have, bought 7. has, spoken, has, spoke
3. has, worn, has, wore 8. has, lost, have lost
4. have, found, have, found 9. has, taken, has, took
5. have, gone, have, went 10. have, met, have met
Bài 2:
1. moved, have lived 2. have been, went 3. lost, haven’t found 4. did, quit, haven’t smoked 5. bought, has never bough 6. have, had
7. worked, has had 8. fell, broke, has been 9. was, have been 10. have never met, spoke 11. drove, have already driven 12. started, have already learned 13. died, moved, has been