The foot-in-the-door studies and the milgram studies are similar in that they both
|
Show
 AbstractFor decades the classic Milgram studies have inspired psychologists to seek individual differences that impact the level of obedience to authority. In this article the authors propose a procedure in which obedience is examined in virtual reality, and they posit the hypothesis that an interaction of several factors determines obedience. The first is the match (or lack thereof) of the participant's and the learner's sex; the second is need for cognitive closure. Analysis of the result for the dichotomic variable (total obedience vs absence of total obedience) as well as the intervallic variable (level of obedience: from total absence to absolute) demonstrated that high level of need for closure influences obedience only in conditions where the participant and the learner are of the same sex. In addition, this effect was stronger for males than for females. Section snippetsMethodThe research was conducted with the assistance of the Polish research website Ariadna (the Polish counterpart of Amazon Mechanical Turk). There are approximately 100,000 respondents aged 14–70 registered in the panel from among which the sample group was drawn. The panel is certified by the Polish Association of Public Opinion and Marketing Research Firms as well as the Quality Control Program of Pollsters' Work and operates in accordance with the international code ICC/ESOMAR. ResultsFrom among the entire group of participants, 221 individuals (63%) obeyed all the instructions and pressed the virtual button 10 times (63.6% of examined women and 62.1% of examined men). A precise detailing of the numbers of people who stopped at specific “buttons” is presented in Table 1. Table 2 presents the correlation matrix among the study variables. The table shows that none of the independent variables is related significantly to the dependent variables. The results for each NFC scales DiscussionThe fundamental objective of our study was to determine the role of the need for cognitive closure in the interaction with the sex of both individuals involved in the experiment – the teacher and the learner. The results show that participants' obedience was affected by their level of NFC only in the case of correspondence between the sex of the participant and the “learner”. It is possible that the effect of NFC on participants' obedience is more evident when there is correspondence between
References (45)
Would you deliver an electric shock in 2015? Obedience in the experimental paradigm developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 years following the original studiesSocial Psychological and Personality Science(2017) Gender and aggressive behaviour: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literaturePsychological Bulletin(1986) Explaining sex differences in social behaviour. A meta-analytic perspectivePersonality and Social Psychology Bulletin(1991) The origins of sex differences in human behaviourAmerican Psychologist(1999) Gender norms and relative violence against spouses and acquaintancesJournal of Family Issues(2008) When a man hits a woman: Moral evaluations and reporting violence to the policeAggressive Behavior(2009) Waking up! Mindfulness in the face of bandwagonsThe Academy of Management Review(2003) Ethical issues in the use of human subjectsAmerican Psychologist(1968) What does the schema concept buy us?Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin(1980) Category-based versus piecemeal-based affective responses: Developments in schema-triggered affectOn cognitive busyness: When person perceivers meet person perceivedJournal of Personality and Social Psychology(1988) Meta-Milgram: An empirical synthesis of the obedience experimentsPloS One(2014) Cited by (8)Recommended articles (6)© 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Which of the following statements best characterizes the main findings of Milgram's first obedience study?Answer and Explanation: The correct answer is c. People will easily obey an authority figure and do harm to others..
Which is the best example of social influence?Normative social influence is a person's desire to change because they want to be accepted or fit in. Peer pressure is one of the most common examples of this social influence. Individuals who are influenced by normative factors engage in vices.
|
