What part of the scientific method gives us a tentative explanation to the problem?

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Terms in this set [10]

Which of the following steps is not a part of the scientific method?

a. Design experiments and conduct observations.
b. Formulate a theory based on a single observation.
c. Formulate a hypothesis.
d. Test hypothesis with an experiment.

The correct answer is B:
Formulate a theory based on a single observation.

Explanation:
A single observation is not a valid basis for formation of a theory.

Which statement best describes the field of chemistry?

a. Chemistry is the study of chemical equations.
b. Chemistry is the study of solutions.
c. Chemistry is the study of matter.
d. Chemistry is the study of acids and bases.

The correct answer is C:
Chemistry is the study of matter.

Explanation:
This statement best describes chemistry. All of the other statements describe one aspect of chemistry, but this one covers all aspects of chemistry.

According to the Scientific Method, what is the term for a tentative explanation of a scientific event?

a. a theory
b. a hypothesis
c. an observation
d. an experiment

The correct answer is B:
a hypothesis

Explanation:
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for a scientific event, based on scientific observations. The important distinction here is the word tentative. Scientists take a hypothesis and test it with experiments. If they have consistent results that support the hypothesis, then the hypothesis can become a theory.

In carrying out the experiment of burning paper and making observations, which of the following was not a simple observation that was made about the properties involved in the experiment?

a. Ashes are created when you burn paper.
b. Ashes from burnt paper cannot burn again.
c. Ashes are gray in color.
d. Ashes from burnt paper weigh more than the unburnt paper.

The correct answer is D:
Ashes from burnt paper weigh more than the unburnt paper.

Explanation:
This statement is false. Also, weight was not actually measured during the experiment.

Which of the following statements is not true about a theory?

a. Future observations can be used to predict a theory.
b. A theory is usually consistent with reported experimental results.
c. A theory is a proven fact that is indisputably true.
d. A theory is an all-encompassing explanation for specific scientific events.

The correct answer is C:
A theory is a proven fact that is indisputably true.

Explanation:
Even theories can eventually be proven false. That is what makes science a dynamic endeavor. It is fair to challenge any theory at any time.

What is the term in the scientific method that summarizes the results of repeated observations regarding a given phenomenon without providing an explanation?

a. theory
b. experiment
c. law
d. hypothesis

The correct answer is C:
law

Explanation:
A law is a concise verbal statement that summarizes a broad variety of observations, or a fundamental relationship of nature.

Suppose you do some simple experiments in Denver about cooking eggs. After several experiments you write the following statement: It takes longer to cook eggs because chickens at high altitudes lay eggs with thicker shells. This statement is an example of which of the following?

a. a hypothesis
b. a theory
c. an observation
d. a law

The correct answer is A:
a hypothesis

Explanation:
Hypothesis is the best term because it is a tentative explanation that needs further proof in order to evolve into a theory.

After many experiments, scientists knew that phlogiston was a substance that was eliminated from a substance when it burned, losing weight. The concept of phlogiston was eventually rejected after it was observed that some materials actually weighed more after they were burned. Which term in the scientific method best describes the concept of phlogiston?

a. theory
b. observation
c. hypothesis
d. law

The correct answer is A:
theory

Explanation:
A theory is an encompassing idea that provides a full explanation for known observations. A theory cannot lead to the rejection of a hypothesis or explanation.

Which of the following is not a postulate of Dalton's atomic theory of matter?

a. Matter consists of indivisible atoms.
b. All atoms of an element are identical in mass and all other properties.
c. Atoms can be reduced to protons, electrons and neutrons.
d. Different chemical elements have different kinds of atoms and different masses.

The correct answer is C:
Atoms can be reduced to protons, electrons and neutrons.

Explanation:
While the statement is true, it is not part of Dalton's theory, which noted that atoms were indestructible.

According to Dalton's atomic theory of matter, what happens during a chemical reaction?

a. Atoms change into different elements to make new substances.
b. Phlogiston is lost in the formation of new substances.
c. Atoms rearrange to form new compounds.
d. Mass is lost in the formation of new substances.

The correct answer is C:
Atoms rearrange to form new compounds.

Explanation:
By Dalton's theory, atoms are rearranged into new combinations during chemical reactions.

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